Immobilization of horseradish peroxidase on Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles

Background: Iron magnetic nanoparticles have attracted much attention. They have been used in enzyme immobilization because of their properties such as product is easily separated from the medium by magnetic separation. The present work was designed to immobilize horseradish peroxidase on Fe3O4 magnetic nanopraticles without modification. Results: In the present study, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was immobilized on non-modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles. The immobilized HRP was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray. In addition, it retained 55% of its initial activity after 10 reuses. The optimal pH shifted from 7.0 for soluble HRP to 7.5 for the immobilized HRP, and the optimal temperature shifted from 40°C to 50°C. The immobilized HRP is more thermostable than soluble HRP. Various substrates were oxidized by the immobilized HRP with higher efficiencies than by soluble HRP. Km values of the soluble and immobilized HRP were 31 and 45 mM for guaiacol and 5.0 and 7.0 mM for H2O2, respectively. The effect of metals on soluble and immobilized HRP was studied. Moreover, the immobilized HRP was more stable against high concentrations of urea, Triton X-100, and isopropanol. Conclusions: Physical immobilization of HRP on iron magnetic nanoparticles improved the stability toward the denaturation induced by pH, heat, metal ions, urea, detergent, and water-miscible organic solvent.

Preparation of a Doxorubicin Conjugate with (Co) Polymers of Methacrylic acid for Targeted Tumor Therapy.

This study was performed in order to creation of a doxorubicin conjugate with methacrylic acid (co)polymers for targeted tumor therapy. Poly(t-butylmethacrylate) with the optimal for biocompatible polymers molecular-weight characteristics (Mn= 12,400; Mw/Mn = 1.35) was synthesized by radical polymerization in the presence of thioglycolic acid as a chain transfer agent. The obtained polymer was converted by acid hydrolysis into a water-soluble copolymer of t-butylmethacrylate and methacrylic acid of 20:80 mass%, respectively. The copolymer of t-butylmethacrylate and methacrylic acid was modified with folic acid which has affinity for tumor cells. A conjugate of the copolymer with doxorubicin and also a conjugate with the folate vector were synthesized. Their formation was proved using elemental analysis and IR, UV, NMR spectroscopy. Thus, in the course of the study the conjugate of doxorubicin was synthesized, combining the drug and a vector for delivery of the drug. This compound is a promising, as it represents a new form of transport delivering a well-known and widely used anticancer agent doxorubicin.

Development, Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation of Flurbiprofen Solid Dispersions using Polyethylene Glycols as Carrier.

The purpose of the present investigation was to increase the solubility and dissolution rate of flurbiprofen (FLB) by the preparation of its solid dispersion with polyethylene glycol 4000 and 6000 as carriers using solvent evaporation method (SM) and kneading method (KM). Drug polymer interactions were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), x-ray diffraction (XRD). The prepared solid dispersions were characterized by IR spectroscopy, which suggests no interaction of drug with carriers. XRD and DSC study indicates reduction in drug crystallinity. Drug solubility was more and also the dissolution was rapid for Flurbiprofen solid dispersions compared to pure drug.

Application of Gaussian 09/GaussView 5.0 in Analytical Chemistry Teaching / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To investigate the application of of Gaussian 09/GuassView 5.0 in spectra teaching in Analytical Chemistry.Method Undergraduates of Pharmaceutical Science in 2014 grade of Kunming Medical University were selected to teach with a method with the help of Gaussian 09/GuassView 5.0 soft.Calculations of UV spectra,IR spectra and NMR spectra of compounds were introduced to make better understanding in the learning of relative knowledge points.The teaching effect was evaluated by the comparison of theoretical exam results of 2013 grade which didn't use soft.Result The theoretical test results showed that the scoring averages of the 2014 grade in UV,IR and NMR spectra were significantly higher than that in 2013 grade (P＜0.05).Conclusion Gaussian 09/GuassView 5.0 can visualize the nonobjective knowledge,and imporve the students' interesting,thus improving the efficiency of teaching and learning.

Analysis of Different Parts of Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb.Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

The radix,leaf,flower and bud of raw medicinal materials and extraction of total alkaloids of Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb.were all involved in this investigation.All the compositions from the samples were analyzed through fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) combined with second derivative IR spectroscopy and two-dimensional IR correlation spectroscopy (2D-IR).It was found that the spectra of raw medicinal materials showed that the radix of A.kusnezoffii Reichb.featuring a large quantity of starch was the same as starch with the characteristic peaks at 1,155,1,070 and 1,019.The leaf,flower and bud contained the similar aromatic hydrocarbons (1,600),glycosides (1,050-1,070),while lipids were not clear.The characteristic peaks of the buds,flowers and leaves were all at 1,595 cm-1 (vibration of phenyl framework) and 1,262 cm-1 (=C-O).Therefore,it was suggested that the common compound of the three parts be diterpenoid alkaloids.Second derivative IR spectroscopy showed that the characteristic peaks of radix was stronger than those of the flower,leaf and bud at 1,712 cm-1 (C=O),which proved that the quantity of characteristic peaks in the radix was larger than those in the flower,leaf and bud.In addition,six autopeaks at 1,745,1,650,1,560 (the most strong),1,465,1,400,1,300 were detected from the radix.The similar autopeaks at 1,745,1,650,1,560 (the most strong),1,465,1,400,1,300 were found in the leaf,bud and flower.In conclusion,it was demonstrated that the macro-fingerprint infrared spectroscopic identification method provided a large quantity of the comprehensive information and entirely grasped the quality of A.kusnezoffii Reichb.Besides,FTIR and 2D-IR provided massive information of the integral structures of the radix,leaf,flower and bud of A.kusnezoffii Reichb.and verified the differences between the four parts of the herb in physical structure and the contents,laying a foundation for further systematic work.

Preparation of rutin-Cu2+ complex imprinted polymer and its adsorption character / 中草药

Objective: To prepare rutin-Cu2+ complex imprinted polymer and study its adsorption ability. Methods: The polymer was prepared in mixed poler solvent, using α-methacrylic acid as functional monomer. The structure and preparation mechanism were studied by UV-vis spectroscopy and IR spectroscopy. Results: The polymer and rutin-Cu2+ complex were combined by coordinate bond and intermolecular force, the polymer had remarkably specific adsorption to complex of rutin-Cu2+. Conclusion: Rutin-Cu2+ complex molecularly imprinted polymer has great adsorption and specific identification to rutin-Cu2+, and can be used in extraction and separation of Chinese medicine effective constituent rutin.

The effects of dentin bonding agent formulas on their polymerization quality, and together with tooth tissues on their microleakage and shear bond strength: an explorative 3-step experiment

PURPOSE: Bonding agents (BA) are the crucial weak link of composite restorations. Since the commercial materials' compositions are not disclosed, studies to formulize the optimum ratios of different components are of value. The aim of this study was to find a proper formula of BAs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This explorative experimental in vitro study was composed of 4 different sets of extensive experiments. A commercial BA and 7 experimental formulas were compared in terms of degree of conversion (5 experimental formulas), shear bond strength, mode of failure, and microleakage (3 experimental formulas). Statistical analyses were performed (alpha=.05). The DC of selected formula was tested one year later. RESULTS: The two-way ANOVA indicated a significant difference between the shear bond strength (SBS) of two tissues (dentin vs. enamel, P=.0001) in a way that dentinal bonds were weaker. However, there was no difference between the four materials (P=.283). The adhesive mode of failure was predominant in all groups. No differences between the microleakage of the four materials at occlusal (P=.788) or gingival (P=.508) sites were detected (Kruskal-Wallis). The Mann-Whitney U test showed a significant difference between the microleakage of all materials (3 experimental formulas and a commercial material) together at the occlusal site versus the gingival site (P=.041). CONCLUSION: A formula with 62% bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA), 37% hydroxy ethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 0.3% camphorquinone (CQ), and 0.7% dimethyl-para-toluidine (DMPT) seems a proper formula for mass production. The microleakage and SBS might be respectively higher and lower on dentin compared to enamel.

Analytical profile of raw material and finished product of cefuroxime axetil.

Cefuroxime Axetil is the 1-acetoxyethyl ester of Cefuroxime. Chemically cefuroxime axetil is (RS)-1-hydroxyethyl (6R, 7R)-7-[2-(2-furyl) glyoxyl-amido]- 3-(hydroxymethyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo-Oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate, 72-(Z)-(O-me-thyl-oxime), 1-acetate-3-carbamate. Its molecular formula is C20H22N4O10S, and it has a molecular weight of 510.48. The cefuroxime raw material was identified by HPLC and IR Spectroscopy. The sample is tested for the solubility, diastereoisomer ratio, crystallinity and bulk density. The amount of cefuroxime axetil was estimated by HPLC assay method. The Cefuroxime axetil finished product was identified by HPLC and IR Spectroscopy. The average weight of tablets was calculated by taking the weights of 20 tablets. The content uniformity of the dosage units was calculated by weight variation method. The dissolution rate was calculated by HPLC method by using Paddle apparatus. The amount of Cefuroxime present in the sample was estimated by HPLC assay method. The known and unknown related substances present in the compound were estimated by HPLC method. Results obtained during the study were satisfactory and can be used for commercial purpose.

Synergistic anticancer effect of the extracts from Polyalthia evecta caused apoptosis in human hepatoma (HepG2) cells

Objective: To evaluate the anticancer activity of the extract fraction of Polyalthia evecta (P. evecta) (Pierre) Finet & Gagnep and the synergistic anticancer effect of the extracts from P. evecta by using the ATR/FT-IR spectroscopy. Methods: The 50% ethanol-water crude leaf extract of P. evecta (EW-L) was prepared and was further fractionated to isolate various fractions. The anticancer activity was investigated from cytotoxicity against HepG2 using a neutral red assay and apoptosis induction by evaluation of nuclei morphological changes after DAPI staining. Synergistic anticancer effects of the extracts from P. evecta were performed using the ATR/FT-IR spectroscopy. Results: The result showed that the EW-L showed higher cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction in HepG2 cells than its fractionated extracts. The hexane extract exhibited higher cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction than the water extracts, but less than the EW-L. The combined water and hexane extracts apparently increased cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction. The %apoptotic cells induced by the extract mixture were increased about 2-fold compared to the single hexane extract. Conclusions: The polar extract fraction is necessary for the anticancer activity of the non-polar extract fraction. The ATR/FT-IR spectra illustrates the physical interaction among the constituents in the extract mixture and reveals the presence of polyphenolic constituents in the EW-L, which might play a role for the synergistic anticancer effect.

DESIGNING OF ORODISPERSIBLE TABLET OF DIETHYL CARBAMAZINE CITRATE FOR THE TREATMENT OF FILARIASIS.

The main aim of the study was to develop orodispersible tablets of diethyl carbamazine citrate (an anthelmintic) for improving patient compliance,especially those of paediatric & geriatric categories with difficulties in swallowing. In the wet granulation method mixture of sodium bicarbonate and tartaric acid along with agar were used as disintegrants. The tablet formulation containing 28 mg of agar, 26 mg of sodium bicarbonate and 26 mg of tartaric acid considered as the overall best formulation (with an in vitro dispersion time of approx. 54.39 sec and in vitro drug release of 98.4 %) Short term stability studies (at 40±2ºC/75±5% RH) on the best formulation indicated that there no significant changes in drug content. IR spectroscopic study indicated that there are no drug excipient interactions. The use of mixture of tartaric acid and sodium bicarbonate further assists in taste masking. Undoubtedly the availability of various technologies and the manifold advantages of orodispersible tablets will surely enhance the patient compliance providing rapid onset of action.

Preparation and characterization of peppermint oil-β-cyclodextrin polymer microsphere inclusion compound / 中草药

Objective: To optimize the including preparation for peppermint oil-β-cyclodextrin polymer (β-CDP) microsphere inclusion compound. Methods: Peppermint oil-β-CDP microsphere inclusion compound was prepared by using co-precipitation. The preparation process was optimized through the L9(34) orthogonal test design and regression analysis. Peppermint oil-β-CDP microsphere inclusion compound was characterized by infrared (IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results: The best technological condition was A 2B2C1D3, and the order of the influence factors was the proportion of β-CDP microsphere and water > the percentage of peppermint oil in β-CDP microsphere > inclusion temperature > inclusion time. The formation of peppermint oil β-CDP microspheres inclusion compound was proved by the results of IR, XRD, TGA analyses. Conclusion The method is reasonable and feasible.

Analysis on the different extracted parts of Flos Chrysanthemi from different regions by FT-IR / 中成药

AIM: To get the IR spectrums of the different extracted parts of chrysanthemum, and to find out the characters of IR spectrums. METHODS: To use Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. RESULTS: The FTIR spectrums of the different extracted parts of chrysanthemum had their obvious IR characters. CONCLUSION: IR spectroscopy can give us the digital descriptions of TCM, so it is a new and scientific analytical method to discriminate TCM.

The analysis and identification of chrysanthemums from the different producing areas by IR spectroscopy / 中成药

AIM: To get the IR spectrums of chrysanthemums from the different producing areas,and to find out the characters of IR spectrums,and the data of IR spectroscopy of chrysanthemums from the different producing areas. METHODS: Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. RESULTS: The FTIR spectrums、Second-order derivative spectrums、Two-dimensional spectrums of chrysanthemums from the different producing areas have their obvious IR characters. CONCLUSION: We can discriminate chrysanthemums from the different producing areas macroscopically and holistically by IR spectroscopy.IR spectroscopy can give us the digital descriptions of TCM,so it is a new analytical method to discriminate TCM.